Module Sections
Level 7
- 2DDM001 - Design Futures: Innovate and Speculate
- 2DDM002 - Nexus: Past and Future Aligned
- 2DDM003 - Defining Practice
- 2DDM004 - Working in the Creative Industries
- APELM001 - Valuing Professional Experience (20)
- APELM002 - Valuing Professional Experience (40)
- APELM003 - Valuing Professional Experience (60)
- BSOM023 - Managing Operations
- BSOM034 - International Logistics and Supply Chain
- BSOM040 - Strategic Issues in Logistics
- BSOM046 - Managing Operations and the Supply Chain
- BSOM053 - Project Management
- BSOM054 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- BSOM058 - Strategic Management of IS
- BSOM061 - Information Systems Methods
- BSOM063 - Business Research Project (Procurement)
- BSOM064 - Applied Logistics, Procurement and Supply
- BSOM071 - Fundamentals of Project Management
- BSOM072 - Risk and Resilience in Holistic Value Chain Management
- BSOM073 - Finance and Procurement Management
- BSOM074 - Critical Issues in Project Management
- BSOM077 - Business Research Project
- BSOM078 - Digital Twins and Internet of Things
- BSOM080 - Applied Systems Analysis
- BSOM081 - Risk and Resilience in Holistic Value Chain Management (SLMDA)
- BSOM083 - Digital Business
- BSOM084 - Practical Data Analysis for Business
- BSOM085 - Enterprise in the Circular Economy Value Chain
- BSOM090 - Project Management in Practice
- BSOM091 - Leading Digital Transformation
- BSOM093 - Leadership and Digital Transformation
- BSOM094 - Data Science in Practice
- BSOM095 - Emerging Technologies
- BSOM096 - Forecasting and Decision Science
- BSOM097 - Hacking for MOD
- BSOM098 - Contemporary Research
- BSOM099 - Consultancy Project
- BSOM100 - Sustainable and Transformative Operations Management
- BSOM101 - Practical Data Analysis for Business
- CSYM015 - Intelligent Systems
- CSYM017 - Databases
- CSYM019 - Internet Programming
- CSYM020 - Internet Security
- CSYM023 - Dissertation
- CSYM025 - Visual Object Software
- CSYM026 - Software Engineering
- CSYM028 - Modern Computer Architecture
- CSYM029 - Computer Networks
- CSYM030 - Mobile Device Software Development
- CSYM035 - Placement
- CSYM036 - Career Futures: Employability Skills
- CSYM037 - Research Project
- CSYM500 - Information Systems Methods and Analysis
- CSYM501 - Entrepreneurship and Digital Transformations
- CSYM502 - Software Implementation
- CSYM503 - Database Systems
- CSYM504 - Management Information Systems and Decision Making
- CSYM505 - Business Intelligence and Data Analytics
- CSYM506 - Business Information Systems Project
- ECNM023 - Economic Analysis and Value
- EDUM116 - School and Classroom Cultures
- EDUM124 - Developing and Supporting Others
- EDUM128 - Research and Enterprise for Enhanced Academic Practice
- EDUM134 - Approaches to Language Learning - Theory and Method
- EDUM135 - English Language Teaching in Practice
- EDUM136 - Classroom Language Assessment and Test Construction
- EDUM143 - Practice Based Project
- EDUM144 - Curriculum and Pedagogy in Context
- EDUM155 - Materials Development and Course Design
- EDUM160 - International and Comparative Education
- EDUM161 - Learning Cultures, Places and Spaces
- EDUM162 - Future Focused Education and Innovative Pedagogies
- EDUM163 - Digital Horizons in Education
- EDUM164 - Health and Wellbeing in Educational Contexts
- EDUM165 - Leading for Improvement
- EDUM166 - Dissertation
- EDUM167 - Research Methods
- EDUM168 - Leadership and Change in Education
- ENGM001 - Mathematical Modelling
- ENGM004 - Computer-Aided Analysis and Visualization of Mechanical Systems
- ENGM005 - Individual Engineering Project
- ENGM006 - Group Industry Project
- ENGM009 - Professional Practice for Technologists
- ENGM010 - Product Design
- ENGM011 - Digital Manufacturing
- ENVM011 - Research Thesis
- ENVM014 - Principles of Animal Welfare Science
- ENVM015 - Attitudes to Animals
- ENVM023 - Land Contamination and Disposal
- ENVM037 - International Environmental Management Policy and Control
- ENVM051 - Physiology of Animal Welfare
- ENVM054 - Research Thesis
- ENVM055 - Analysis of Equine Behaviour
- ENVM056 - Equine Health and Welfare
- ENVM057 - Equine Industry and Research
- ENVM072 - Sustainable Manufacture
- ENVM081 - Negotiated Work Based Learning 1 - Wastes Management
- ENVM082 - Negotiated Work Based Learning 2 - Wastes Management
- ENVM501 - Research Degree Supervision - Workshops
- ENVM502 - Research Degree Supervision - Observation
- EYS3140 - Early Childhood Graduate Practitioner Competencies (Zero Credit Module)
- EYSM001 - Contemporary Issues in Infant Mental Health and Wellbeing
- EYSM002 - Promoting Infant Mental Health and Wellbeing
- FINM008 - Corporate Reporting 1
- FINM009 - Global Financial Strategy
- FINM010 - Financial and Business Strategy
- FINM012 - Strategic Audit
- FINM014 - Investment Analysis
- FINM024 - Corporate Social Responsibility and Governance
- FINM025 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- FINM036 - Financial Decision Making
- FINM037 - Managing Finance and Information
- FINM050 - Accounting and Finance for Decision Makers
- FINM065 - Portfolio Management
- FINM066 - Ethical and Professional Standards
- FINM067 - Advanced Corporate Finance
- FINM068 - Equity Investments
- FINM069 - Fixed Income Investments
- FINM070 - Quantitative Methods
- FINM071 - Derivatives
- FINM072 - Alternative Investments
- FINM073 - Advanced Financial Reporting & Analysis
- FINM074 - Measuring Organisational Performance
- FINM080 - Finance and Governance
- FINM081 - Major Project (Standard)
- FINM083 - Financial Management for Organisational Performance
- FINM085 - Advanced International Financial Reporting
- FINM086 - Corporate Finance
- FINM087 - Audit, Assurance and Ethics
- FINM088 - Corporate Governance and Sustainability
- FINM089 - Investment Analysis
- FINM090 - Climate Finance and Reporting
- FINM091 - Advanced Management Accounting and Control
- FINM900 - Financial Markets and Financial Technology
- FINM901 - Financing and Investment Decisions for Business
- FINM902 - Sustainable Financial and Management Reporting
- HISM019 - Dissertation
- HISM041 - History Research Methods
- HISM044 - Exploring English Society, 1500-1750
- HISM046 - Violence and the Law in English Society
- HISM050 - Narrating the Nation: Rethinking Modern British History
- HISM056 - Fascism and the Extreme Right in Britain from 1923 to the Present Day
- HISM058 - History and Theory
- HISM059 - Western European Sexualities, 1200-1700
- HRMM020 - The Effective Manager
- HRMM030 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- HRMM032 - Human Resource Management in Context
- HRMM033 - Leading, Managing and Developing People
- HRMM034 - Investigating a Business Issue
- HRMM042 - Strategic Leadership
- HRMM055 - Managing and Organisational Behaviour
- HRMM057 - Organisational Behaviour
- HRMM058 - Leadership in a Changing Context
- HRMM060 - International and Comparative HRM
- HRMM061 - Managing Across Cultures
- HRMM068 - Managing Project Teams
- HRMM069 - Personal and Professional Executive Development (SLMDA)
- HRMM072 - Career Futures: Employability Skills
- HRMM074 - Work-Based Project
- HRMM075 - Resourcing and Developing Talent
- HRMM076 - Employment Law and Relations
- HRMM077 - Understanding and Enhancing Employability
- HRMM078 - Work Readiness and Professional Development
- HRMM079 - Skills for MBA Study
- HRMM080 - Ethical and Responsible Leadership
- HRMM090 - Leading People Through Change
- HRMM091 - Major Project (Placement)
- HRMM093 - People Development and Leadership
- HRMM094 - Academic and Digital Skills for Professionals
- IRDM025 - International Relations Theory: Great Debates, New Directions
- IRDM030 - European Integration
- IRDM033 - The Peoples Republic of China: Foreign Policy Dilemmas
- IRDM047 - The International Politics of the Post-Soviet Space
- IRDM079 - Major Organisations in the International Order
- IRDM081 - International Politics of the Middle East
- IRDM082 - America After 9/11
- IRDM083 - The Politics of sub-Sahara Africa
- IRDM084 - International Relations Research Methods and Dissertation
- ITTM003 - Teaching, Learning and Assessment
- ITTM004 - Professional Studies
- ITTM008 - Teaching, Learning and Subject Knowledge
- LAWM015 - International Corporate Law
- LAWM016 - European and International Human Rights
- LAWM018 - Intellectual Property Rights Law
- LAWM019 - International Organised Crime
- LAWM020 - Dissertation
- LAWM025 - International Corporate Crime
- LAWM035 - Diversity, Migration and the Law
- LAWM036 - Research Methods
- LAWM040 - Public International Law
- LAWM041 - National Security: Law, Policy and Practice
- LEAM002 - Leather Science
- LEAM015 - Quality Evaluation and Systematic Problem Solving
- LEAM017 - Research and Analytical Methods
- LEAM021 - Market Demands and Performance of Automotive Leather
- LEAM022 - Finish Formulation - Automotive Leather
- LEAM023 - Finish Application - Automotive Leather
- LEAM026 - Leather Science
- LEAM029 - Hide to High Street
- LEAM032 - Advanced Leather Finishing
- LEIM010 - International Sustainable Tourism
- LEIM011 - Risk, Crisis and Post-Conflict Management in Tourism
- LEIM020 - Strategic Destination Management
- LEIM031 - Dissertation & Research Methods (Tourism, Hospitality, Hotel and Events Management)
- LEIM036 - Service Excellence and Innovation
- LEIM037 - International Hotel Management
- LEIM039 - Eventful Cities
- LEIM040 - Transforming Organisational Cultures in the International Hotel Industry
- LEIM041 - Imagined Futures for Tourism & Hospitality
- LIFM001 - Lift Applications Engineering
- LIFM002 - Codes and Standards
- LIFM003 - Management of Construction Industry Contracts
- LIFM004 - Case Study
- LIFM005 - Lift Component Applications
- LIFM007 - Control Systems
- LIFM009 - Utilisation of Materials
- LIFM012 - Dissertation
- LITM033 - Critical Theory and Methodologies
- LITM040 - Trauma Fiction
- LITM041 - Literary Transmediations
- LITM042 - Shakespeare our Contemporary: Text and Screen
- LITM043 - Dissertation
- MIDM010 - The Examination of the Newborn (Level 7)
- MKTM003 - Marketing: Principles and Management
- MKTM018 - Global Marketing Strategy
- MKTM021 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- MKTM026 - International Marketing Communications
- MKTM027 - Strategic Digital Marketing
- MKTM028 - Strategic Marketing
- MKTM030 - Global Marketing Issues
- MKTM031 - International Marketing Research
- MKTM033 - The Entrepreneurship Report
- MKTM040 - Marketing Practice (SLMDA
- MKTM044 - Strategic Marketing Management
- MKTM045 - Innovation and Entrepreneurship
- MKTM047 - Marketing Innovation
- MKTM055 - Innovative Thinking
- MKTM056 - Customers, Markets and Stakeholders
- MKTM057 - Digital Diversity
- MKTM058 - Digital Futures
- MKTM059 - E-Commerce
- MKTM060 - Social Media and Content
- MKTM061 - The Professional Digital Marketer
- MKTM062 - Extended Project
- MKTM064 - Marketing Innovation
- NURM008 - Therapeutic Communication Intervention
- NURM009 - Leading Public Health Practice
- NURM011P - Community Practitioner Nurse Prescribers Formulary (V100)
- NURM018 - Principles and Perspectives of Health Promotion
- NURM019P - Advancing Children, Young People and Family Well-being (1)
- NURM020P - Advancing Children, Young People and Family Well-being (2)
- NURM037 - Advanced Dementia Care
- NURM048 - Innovations for Quality in Contemporary Nursing and Midwifery Practice
- NURM049 - Organisational Culture and Change Management in Nursing and Midwifery Care
- NURM050 - Leadership in Nursing and Midwifery
- NURM051 - Systemic and Degenerative Ophthalmic Conditions
- NURM052 - Elective Ophthalmic Care: Surgery and Interventions
- NURM053 - Acute and Urgent Ophthalmic Care
- NURM061 - Advanced Holistic Patient Centre Renal and Urology Care
- NURM062 - Contemporary Issues in Renal and Urology Care
- NURM063 - Advanced Patient Centred Care for the Acutely Unwell Adult
- NURM064 - Developing Clinical Practice Through Work Related Learning
- NURM077 - Advancing Practice in Action
- NURM078 - Assessment and Management of Minor Injury
- NURM079 - Educating and Influencing Others in Health Care
- NURM080 - Advanced Assessment and Clinical Reasoning (Work-Based Learning)
- NURM081 - Diagnostic Reasoning for Practice
- NURM082 - Enhancing Advanced Practice
- NURM083 - Delivering Contemporary Adult Critical Care Practice
- NURM084 - Developing and Leading Contemporary Adult Critical Care Practice
- NURM085 - Facilitation, Assessment & Quality Assurance in Work-based Learning
- NURM086 - Quality Enhancement in Interprofessional Work-based Learning
- NURM088 - Advancing Assessment and Reasoning Skills
- NURM089 - Assessment and Management of Minor Illness
- NURM091 - Introduction to Advanced Perioperative Care
- NURM092 - Advanced Anaesthetic Care
- NURM093 - Advanced Surgical Intraoperative Care
- NURM094 - Advanced Recovery Care
- NURM105 - Epidemiology
- NURM106 - Research Methods - Philosophy and Study Design
- NURM107 - Comparative Health Systems
- NURM108 - Leading People in Health and Social Care Organisations
- NURM110 - Advanced Professional Project
- NURM111 - Preparation End-Point Assessment (EPA)
- NURM114 - Independent and Supplementary Prescribing for Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals
- NURM117 - Public Health Project Management
- NURM118 - Health Promotion and Behaviour Change
- NURM121 - Delivering Holistic Cancer Care
- NURM122 - Navigating the Cancer Patient Pathway
- NURM123 - Innovating Cancer Care
- NURM124 - Advanced Neuroanatomy and Physiology
- NURM125 - Advancing Professional Neuroscience Practice
- NURM126 - Advancing Collaborative Neuroscience
- NURM127 - Becoming a Professional Advocate
- NURM131P - Foundations for Evidence Based SCPHN Practice (HV/SN)
- NURM132 - Therapeutic Approaches in Specialist Practice
- NURM133 - Individual, Community and Population Health
- NURM134P - Developing in Specialist Practice - SCPHN (HV/SN)
- NURM135 - Reducing Risks and Vulnerability through Specialist Practice
- NURM136 - Leading Innovative Specialist Practice
- NURM141 - Advanced Patient Centered Trauma Care
- NURM142 - Advanced Orthopaedic Care
- NURM144 - Research Dissemination
- OTHM003 - Occupation for Occupational Therapists
- OTHM010 - Professional Project
- OTHM018 - Advanced Neuroanatomy and Physiology
- OTHM019 - Advancing Professional Neuroscience Practice
- OTHM020 - Advancing Collaborative Neuroscience Practice
- OTHM022 - Embedding Evidence to Enhance Practice
- OTHM023 - Contemporary Communities of Practice
- OTHM024 - Frailty (Level 7)
- OTHM025 - The Deteriorating Patient (Level 7) (Stand Alone Module)
- OTHM026 - Improving Frailty Outcomes
- OTHM027 - Leading Innovative Change in Practice
- OTHM030 - Enabling Occupational Justice within Mental Health
- OTHM031 - Managing Complex Conditions
- OTHM032 - Sensory Processing and Human Development
- PHYM001 - Evidence-based Neurological Practice
- PHYM002 - Evidence-based Cardiorespiratory Practice
- PHYM003 - Evidence-based Neuromusculoskeletal Practice
- PHYM004 - Managing Complexity throughout the Lifespan
- PHYM005 - Enhancing Professionalism and Collaborative Practice
- PHYM006 - Leading Innovative Change in Practice
- PHYM007P - Developing Leadership in Professional Practice
- PHYM008P - Emerging Autonomous Professional Practice
- PHYM009 - Enquiry Based Project
- PHYM010 - Advanced Musculoskeletal Approaches in Primary Care
- PHYM011 - Advanced Musculoskeletal Management in Primary Care
- PODM010 - Injection Therapy of the Lower Limb for Podiatrists
- PODM011 - The Lower Limb at Risk
- PSCM001 - Advanced Patient Assessment and Diagnostic Skills
- PSCM002 - Clinical Interventions for Advanced Practitioners
- PSCM004 - Advanced Holistic Assessment in Health Care Practice
- PSCM005 - Assessment and Management of Minor Illness and Injuries
- PSCM006 - Advanced Paramedic Approaches in Primary Care
- PSCM007 - Advanced Paramedic Management in Primary Care
- PSYM036 - The Transpersonal Perspective 1
- PSYM037 - Clinical Supervision
- PSYM038 - Research Methods in Psychotherapy
- PSYM042 - Adolescence, The Family and Family Therapy
- PSYM044 - Child Observation
- PSYM046 - Dissertation
- PSYM062 - Understanding Mental Health in Children and Young People
- PSYM063 - Core Skills for Working with Children and Young People
- PSYM064 - Working with Schools and Communities
- PSYM065 - Therapeutic Interventions with Children, Young People and Families
- PSYM066 - Counselling with Children, Young People and Families
- PSYM067 - Counselling Children and Young People in Practice
- PSYM079 - Advanced Developmental Psychology
- PSYM080 - Cognitive and Biological Psychology and Neuroscience
- PSYM081 - Applied Social and Critical Social Psychology
- PSYM085 - Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods
- PSYM086 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- PSYM090P - Placement and Supervision
- PSYM093 - Evidence Informed Interventions
- PSYM094 - Engagement and Assessment in Enhanced Evidence Based Practice
- PSYM095 - Core Competencies for Working with Children and Young People (CYP IAPT)
- PSYM096 - Skills for Systemic Family Practice
- PSYM097 - Systemic Family Practice for Depression, Self-Harm and Conduct Disorder
- PSYM100 - Individual Differences
- PSYM101 - Conceptual and Historical Issues in Psychology
- PSYM102 - Research Skills
- PSYM103 - Values, Assessment and Engagement
- PSYM104 - Evidence Based Interventions for Common Mental Health Problems with Children and Young People (Theory and Skills)
- PSYM105 - Understanding Children and Young People's Distress
- PSYM106 - Therapeutic Skills for Working with Children, Young People and Families
- PSYM109 - Working, Assessing, and Engaging with Common Problems in Education Settings
- PSYM110 - Processes and Interventions for Emerging Mental Health Difficulties in Education Settings
- PSYM111 - Fundamental Skills for Working with Children, Young People and Families
- PSYM115 - Low Intensity Supervision Practice
- PSYM116 - Theoretical Underpinnings of Supervision
- PSYM126 - Psychology in Positive Psychology
- PSYM130 - Leadership and sustainable change through reflective and evidence based practice, in children and young people's mental health provision.
- PSYM131 - Children and young people's emotional health and well-being service transformation project
- PSYM132 - With Young People in Mind: Clinical, Community or Educational Placement
- PSYM134P - Placement and Supervision
- PSYM136 - Enhanced Practice in Low Intensity Interventions
- PSYM137 - Adaptions to Low Intensity Practice
- PSYM141 - Fundamentals of Counselling
- PSYM142 - Integrating counselling theory and practice
- PSYM201 - Human Development
- PSYM202 - Developing the Therapeutic Context and Process
- PSYM203 - Mental Health and Psychopathology
- PSYM204 - Common Issues Presenting in Counselling and Psychotherapy
- PSYM205P - Clinical Practice 1
- PSYM206P - Clinical Practice 2
- PSYM207 - Contact Assessment and Adolescent Development
- PSYM208 - Therapeutic Contact and Case Management
- PSYM209P - Adolescent Clinical Practice 1
- PSYM210 - Creative Adjustment in Adolescence
- PSYM211 - Broader Developmental Influences and Pathways in Adolescence
- PSYM212P - Adolescent Clinical Practice 2
- PSYM215 - Research Methods
- PSYM216 - Dissertation
- PUHM001 - Research Methods: Philosophy and Study Design
- PUHM002 - Epidemiology and Statistics
- PUHM003 - Comparative Health Systems
- PUHM004 - Voluntary Sector Placement
- PUHM005 - Health Protection and Prevention
- PUHM006 - Advancing Public Health Leadership
- PUHM007 - Health Promotion and Behaviour Change
- PUHM008 - Public Health Project Management
- PUHM009 - Global Health and Social Inequalities
- PUHM010 - Public Health Dissertation
- SENM019 - Key Concepts in Inclusion and Diversity
- SENM021 - The National Award for SEN Coordination (Part 1)
- SENM022 - The National Award for SEN Coordination (Part 2)
- SENM026 - Understanding Autism Spectrum
- SENM027 - Evaluating Approaches for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum
- SENM032 - Perspectives on Social, Emotional and Mental Health (SEMH)
- SENM035 - Understanding The Nature of Literacy Difficulties and Specific Learning Difficulities (Dyslexia)
- SENM036 - Approaches to Supporting Learners with Literacy Difficulties and Specific Learning Difficulties (Dyslexia)
- SENM037 - Understanding Psychometrics and Access Arrangements
- SENM038 - Planning, Administering and Reporting Standardised Assessments
- SENM041 - Understanding Challenging Behaviour in People with Autism and other Neurodevelopmental Conditions
- SENM042 - Adverse Childhood Experiences and their Impact on well-being and development
- SENM044 - Identifying, Understanding and Co-ordinating Special Educational Needs and Inclusive Provision
- SENM045 - Leading and Managing Special Educational Needs, Diversity, Inclusion and Equality
- SLSM011 - Research Methods: Quantitative Statistical Analyses
- SLSM012 - Molecular Medicine
- SLSM013 - Molecular Bioscience Dissertation
- SLSM014 - Genetics and Genomics
- SLSM015 - Current Topics in Molecular Bioscience
- SLSM016 - Laboratory Practice and Professional Development
- SPMM001 - Injury Assessment and Management
- SPOM015 - Strength and Conditioning for Specific Athletes
- SPOM016 - Strength and Conditioning Techniques
- SPOM017 - Strength and Conditioning Science
- SPOM019 - Applied Practice
- SPOM020 - Dissemination
- SPOM024 - Sport Dissertation (MSc)
- SPOM029 - Research Methods
- SPOM047 - Research Methodologies
- SPOM048 - Research Skills
- SPOM049 - MRes Dissertation
- STRM028 - Dissertation and Research Methods
- STRM042 - Critical Issues in Business
- STRM043 - Competitive Strategy and Innovation
- STRM044 - Business Research Project
- STRM047 - Strategic Management
- STRM059 - Business Management Research in Practice
- STRM060 - International Business Negotiation
- STRM075 - Social Responsibility and Impact
- STRM079 - Critical Issues in Business (SLMDA)
- STRM081 - Strategy in Practice (SLMDA)
- STRM083 - Dynamics of Strategy
- STRM085 - Strategy and Decision Making
- STRM086 - Business Strategy Simulation
- STRM089 - Managing Across Cultures
- STRM090 - Professional Practice in International Business
- STRM091 - Developing Strategy in Turbulent Times
- STRM092 - Contemporary Issues in Business
- STRM093 - Negotiated Project
- STRM095 - Strategy and Decision Making
- SWKM022 - Social Policy and Law
- SWKM024P - 70 Day Practice Placement
- SWKM025P - 100 Day Practice Placement
- SWKM026 - Professional Project
- SWKM027 - Social Work Practice Educator Professional Standards 1 (PEPS1)
- SWKM028 - Social Work Practice Educator Professional Standards 2 (PEPS2)
- SWKM029 - Principled Youth and Community Work
- SWKM030 - Operational Leadership and Management
- SWKM031 - Reflective Youth and Community Practice
- SWKM032 - Investigating Contemporary Issues
- SWKM033 - Leading Youth and Community Practice
- SWKM034 - Strategic Leadership and Management
- SWKM035 - Transforming Professional Practice
- SWKM036 - Professional Research Project
- SWKM037 - Preparation for Professional Practice
- SWKM038 - Theories and Models for Social Work Practice
- SWKM039 - Preparation for Professional Practice
- SWKM040 - Theories and Models for Social Work Practice
- SWKM041 - Safeguarding and Managing Risk